Nederlands 300
荷兰语三百句
*语音入门
I. 元音和辅音
单元音: a, e, i, o, u, y
复合元音: au, ei, eu, eeu, ie, ij, oe, ooi, ou, ui
单辅音: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, z, ch, ds, ng, ts, th
复合辅音: dr, tr, sch, nk
II. 元音读音
1。单元音字母在重读开音节中发长音(即字母本身音), eg: ga , lezen
go, read
2。单元音字母在闭音节中发相应于字母本身音的短音, eg: lid, wet
limb/member, law
3。两个重叠的单元音字母在闭音节中发长音, eg: baas, been
boss, bone/leg
4。复合元音只有长音,在开音节和闭音节中发音一般不变, eg: buiten, tuin
outside/beyond, garden
5。单元音及少数复合元音在非重读音节中长发作轻音, eg: vochtig, begin, lelijk
moist/wet, begin, ugly
6。元音y一般只出现在外来词中, eg: baby , systeem
baby, system
7。复合元音au和ou的发音相同
8。复合元音ei和ij的发音相同
III. 辅音读音
1。c 一般读作/k/, eg: contact, cultuur
contact, culture
c在元音e, i, ij和y前时发作/s/, eg: centrum, incident, cijfer, cynisch
centre, incident, figure/cipher, cynical
2。浊辅音d出现在词尾时发成清辅音t, eg: hond
dog
3。r出现在元音前时一般发成弹舌音, eg: rood, rijst
red, rice
r出现在音节末尾时一般只需要发卷舌音(类似儿化音), eg: kort, pers
short, press
4。荷兰语中的w与英语中的v相似, eg: wet
law
5。荷兰语中的v的读音与f相似,但f发音时不需要震动声带而v需要
6。ch在外来词中发作/ ∫ /, eg: China, chocolade
China, chocolate
ch一般情况下发作/x/, eg: macht, wachten
power/might, wait
ch在极少数情况下也发作/k/, eg: christendom
Christianity
7。sch出现在词尾时一般发作/s/, eg: fantastisch , idyllisch
fantastic, idealistic(al)
sch在其他情况下一般发作/sx/, eg: scheiden, schrijven
seperate/part, write
8。ng发作后鼻音/ ŋ /, eg: ring , gang
ring, walk/corridor
9。nk的发音为/ ŋk/, eg: bank , dank
bench, thank
10。t, p, k这三个清辅音出现在s后发作/d/, /b/, /g/, eg: stok, spek, skelet
stick, bacon, skeleton
st, sp, sk出现在词尾时发音不变, eg: feest
feast/festival
IV. 发音练习
a 长音 water, vader, dader, maat, laat
water, father, author/doer, measure, late
短音 dag, nacht, lam, dam, tand
day, night, lamb, dam, tooth
e 长音 mening, leven, delen, heet, weet
opinion, live/life, devide, hot, know
短音 wet, met, weg, net, zeg
law, with, way, net/neat, say/tell
eer meer, veer, keer, wanneer
more, feather/ferry, turn/time, when
i 长音 januari, februari
January, February
短音 wit, lid, in, dit, is
white, limb/member, in, this
o 长音 wonen, bogen, mode, loon, telefoon
live, boast/glory in, mode/fashion, weges/pay, telephone
短音 op, lot, onder, omlaag, ons
on, fate/lot, under, below/down, us/our
u 长音 muziek, ruzie
music, quarrel
短音 punt, kunst, kussen, munt, dun
point, art, kiss, coin/money, thin/small
uur duur, muur, buur, vuur
duration/dear, wall, neighbour, fire
y baby, cynisch, systeem, symbool, dynastie
baby, cynical, system, symbol, dynasty
au nauw, blauw, mauw, gauw, dauw
narrow, blue, mew, quick, dew
ei eigen, leiden, meid, weiden, neiging
own, lead/guide, maid, feed/graze, incline/bend
eu leuk, keuken, meubel, jeugd, peuk
funny, kitchen/cooking, furniture, youth, stub/end
eur deur, keur, geur, beurt
door, choice, smell/odour, turn
eeu leeuw, sneeuw, geeuw
lion, snow, yawn
ie niet, fiets, bieden, tien, dienst
not, bibycle, bid, ten, service
ij ijs, wijs, bij, altijd, blijven
ice, wise, bee/by, always, remain
oe boek, hoed, doek, moe, woedend
book, hat, choth, tired, furious
ooi nooit, gooi, mooi, voltooid
never, cast/throw, pretty, perfect tense
ou oud, mouw, koud, goud, fout
old, sleeve, cold, gold, fault
ui huis, duim, huilen, uit, muit
house/home, thumb, cry, from/out of, mutiny/rebel
b bad, bouw, bed, buiten, boven
bath, building, bed, outside, above
c concept, concert, concessie, cycloon, cilinder
concept, concert, concessie, cyclops, cylinder
d donderdag, dam, dijk, duister, dood
Thursday, dam, dike, dark, dead
f feest, fabriek, faciliteit, feit, folie
feast, factory, facility, fact, foil
g goed, god, goud, dag, vaag
good, god, gold, day, vague
h hond, heel, haven, heilig, hout
dog, whole, harbour, holy, wood
j ja, jij, jong, juist, jager
yes, you, young, exact, hunter
k kamer, koning, koffie, politiek, geluk
room, king, coffee, politic(al), happiness
l liga, les, leeg, maaltijd, formeel
league, lesson, empty, (hot) meal, formal
m mond, map, minuut, ham, geheim
mouth, folder, minute, ham, sure/certain
n net, niet, nicht, won, dan
net, not, niece, won, then
p pagina, papier, pinda, Spaans, lamp
page, paper, peanut, Spanish, lamp
r rijden, roest, broer, motor, vloer
ride, roost/rust, brother, motor, floor
s saai, seconde, suiker, monster, prijs
serge, second, sugar, monster, price
t tabak, tijger, steun, oost, vet
tobacco, tiger, support, east, floor
v vos, vijf, vier, verf, vuist
fox, five, four, paint, fist
w wapen, was, wijs, weer, week
weapon, wash, way/wise, defence/weather/again, week
x taxi, expres, examen, exoticsh
taxi, on purpose, exam, exotic
z zaad, zege, zalig, zijde, zelf
seed, victory, blessed, side/silk, self
ch chef, Chinese, toch, wacht, chaos
chief, Chinese, yet, wacht, chaos
ds Nederlands, buitenlands, loods
Netherlands/Dutch, foreign country, shed
ng bang, lang, ding, vinger, honger
afraid, long, thing, finger, hunger
ts fiets, mits, voorwaarts, arts, plaats
bicycle, provided, forward, physician
th thee, theater, thans, thema, thuis
tea, theatre, now, theme, at home
dr droog, draad, dreiging, drempel, drijven
dry, thread, threat, threshold, float/swim/drive
tr trouw, traan, traject, trein, transport
faithful/true, tear, way, train, transport
sch schade, schild, schroef, medisch, optimistisch
damage, shield, screw, medical, optimistic(al)
nk donker, honk, bank, plank, dank
dark, home/base, bank, plank, thank
ssie commissie, discussie, admissie, immissie
committee, discussion, admission, immission
tie politie, emotie, decoratie, informatie
police, emotion, decoration, information |